Teaching with Instructional Software

CHAPTER 3

multiple choice:

Question 1 Which software function could best give students opportunities to match English words with their German equivalents?

Correct: Drill and practice.

Question 2 When using drill-and-practice software functions, avoid:

Correct: overuse.

Question 3 Which software function might be useful if there was no teacher available to teach the topic?

Correct: Tutorial.

Question 4 What is one classroom application of tutorial software?

Correct: Self-paced review of learning.

Question 5 If a teacher wanted to demonstrate genetics principles by mating fruit flies and letting students analyze features of their offspring, what would be the best software?

Correct: Simulation.

Question 6 Which is an issue related to instructional uses of simulations?

Correct: Fidelity of the system.

Question 7 Instructional games are most frequently used:

Correct: as alternatives for simulations.

Question 8 An issue related to instructional use of games is:

Correct: confusing game rules with real rules.

Question 9 Which is a good use of problem-solving software?

Correct: To foster use of learning strategies.

Question 10 One controversy related to use of problem-solving software is:

Correct: a definition of problem solving.

Question 11 What is one characteristic of an ILS system?

Correct: It includes a management system.

Question 12 What is a common research finding related to ILS use?

Correct: It sometimes shows higher achievement than other methods.

Question 13 What should one look for when evaluating courseware's graphics?

Correct: It does not interfere with learning.

Question 14 One concern in evaluating a courseware's pedagogical soundness is:

Correct: its readability level.

Question 15 What is a criterion that teachers should especially focus on when evaluating the quality of drill-and-practice software?

Correct: Feedback is appropriate for correct answers

Effective Technology

CHAPTER 2

short answer:

Question 1 Describe the relative advantage of using graphic tools to help students learn new concepts.

Graphic tools help visual learners by giving them something to look at and understand the new concepts. Visual learners are able make the new concepts more meaningful with the use of graphic tools.

Visual examples clarify concepts and applications.

Question 2 In Phase 2 of the Technology Integration Planning Model (TIP), teachers focus on the outcomes expected as a result of integrating technology into instruction. List four methods teachers can use to assess the outcomes of the plan.

Teachers mass assess the outcomes of their plans by the different tests that they give to their students and how well they do. Teachers focus on the outcomes of rubrics that are included in group projects. They may get feedback from their students by their attitudes explaining whether or not the students comprehend the material. Teachers also may assess their plans by getting feedback from students not by their attitudes alone but maybe short questionnaires at the end of their lessons and reflecting on whether the students were able to understand the materials and were able to make the lesson plan applicable.

Answers may include: tests, projects assessed using rubrics or checklists, surveys for attitude outcomes, observation instruments for behaviors.

Question 3 Describe two advantages of required school and district policies such as policies regarding Internet use, legal and ethical use, and equity.

Two advantages to have schools require policies using the internet are able to control what the students are looking up on the internet and making sure that it is appropriate and school related. Policies relating to legal and ethical use are for the students’ benefits and for safety rights of the students. If children were to gather information and not give credit where credit is do then there could be legal issues involved and plagiarism. Students would be using the works and minds of other individuals rather than their own thoughts and ethical beliefs.

Answers may include: Policies ensure appropriate behavior, safety, and equitable treatment of all students

web enrichment activities:

Question 1 Learning theory in technology-integrated lessons — Identify the learning theory addressed in a WebQuest. Locate a WebQuest at https://mail.lhup.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://webquest.org/. Click on "Top," "Middling," or "New" and then view a WebQuest for a selected grade level and subject area. As you read the instructions and materials included in the WebQuest, make a list of five aspects of the WebQuest that are informed or supported by learning theory. Refer to Figures 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6 in the textbook.

I found a webquest that was designed for social studies for students in grades 3-5. This webquest uses many different learning theories that will be great to implement in the classroom. On the first page students get familiarized with the topic they are going to be learning about and there is the introduction that explains what all the neat things the students are going to take away from this webquest. The webquest then has the entire lesson broken down into subunits on the side of the screen. In each subunit the students learn something new about the subject which is on The Pilgrims and the First Thanksgiving. The basic learning theory that this outline follows is the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implement, and evaluate). For the first task the students get background knowledge about the subject matter on the pilgrims. In the tasks subunit the webquest asks for different activities that the students can do to learn more about the subject. Each task involves a different learning theory for the first one it asks to make a concept map this is used for cognitive learning, for the next task it asks the students to write journals this is for linguistic learners, and the third task it asks for the students to look on different websites an idea for visual learners. Right there are three ways that the webquest has created ideas for different learning theories.http://questgarden.com/47/69/9/070310091054/task.htm

Question 2 Assessment of learning with rubrics — To see an example of rubrics developed for a student project, read about Mrs. Gaines' language arts lesson at https://mail.lhup.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://ali.apple.com/ali_sites/hpli/Exhibits/1000734. Click on "The Lesson" to read the instructions to students, and click on "Assessment" to see the rubrics used by the students. Visit the Rubistar website at https://mail.lhup.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php for templates used by teachers to create custom rubrics. Refer to Figure 2.7 in the textbook and discuss the model that best applies to Mrs. Gaines' lesson and assessment. List three reasons for selecting that model.

I think the best rubric that applies to Mrs. Gaines’ language arts lesson is one that could be made on the rubistar website. The three main reasons why I would select this model is because it’s easy to do. The second reason is because one you have created the lesson rubric you can always go back and fix it however you like and keep resaving the information so it never gets lost and you as the teacher may use the rubric repeatedly throughout the years and just need to change things from time to time. The final reason why this template is best to use is because it organizes what to observe as the teacher and what the teacher wants to get most out of his/her students’ results.

Question 3 Information literacy — The American Association of School Librarians and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology have published the "Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning" located athttps://mail.lhup.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=http://www.ala.org/ala/aasl/aaslproftools/informationpower/InformationLiteracyStandards_final.pdf. Read the standards and indicators. Consider one standard and indicator, and think of an additional strategy that could be added to Figure 2.12 of the textbook to help students achieve the standard.

From the Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning: Strategy 1 The student who is information literate accesses information efficiently and effectively. The Indicator I’m looking at is 3 formulates questions based on informational needs. An additional strategy maybe observing the information given and trying to make that applicable life situations.

making the case for technology integration:

Question 1 Sheingold (1991) said that teachers will have to confront squarely the difficult problem of creating a school environment that is fundamentally different from the one they themselves experienced (p. 23). In what ways is the current K-12 environment different from the one you experienced? Do you feel this presents an obstacle to effective use of technology in your teaching? What are some strategies you feel might help teachers overcome this obstacle?

The K-12 environment is already beginning to be extremely different in today’s world then it was when I was growing up. In today’s classrooms there seems to be a lot more areas where the students may be divided up into for different activities, whether the assignment is for the students to work independently, or in groups, or in a less distracting environment. I think that more technology is being introduced into the classrooms as well and that could be making things a little bit more crowded. I grew up reading information off of a black board and an overhead projector was the greatest technology bound instrument we had at the time. But in today’s classrooms there are still the same black boards or some have magnetic dry erase boards, there’s still an area for the overhead projector, some more enriched classrooms have a smart board or the newer version of an overhead projector. All of these new technologies are helping teachers enhance the learning process but sometimes just one instrument is just as productive as two or three technological instruments put together. Teachers therefore can overcome this over crowding obstacle by requesting for just one area to be strictly for technology devices and have only one or two actually tools used for teaching the material.

Question 2 NCATE's document Technology and the New Professional Teacher (1997) said that, in addition to technology skills, teachers need an attitude that is fearless in the use of technology, encourages them to take risks, and inspires them to be lifelong learners. What current factors and activities can help teachers develop such an attitude? What factors make it difficult for them to acquire it?

Teachers can become more aware of technology by constantly working with the new technology and learning from their own experience how to work the software or they may take online courses that help explain what the new technology is and how it is beneficial. This may help create more ideas that the teachers may implement in their lessons. The biggest factor that inhibits teachers from becoming more familiarized with new technology is the time it takes to learn about the new information and what all the technological device entails.

The Big Picture

CHAPTER 1

multiple choice:

Question 1 Though many educators tend to think of technology as devices, Saettler reminds us that the definition of educational technology encompasses:

Correct: Technology tools and processes.

Question 2 To educators who belong to the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), educational technology has been viewed primarily as:

Correct: computer systems.

Question 3 This textbook focuses on computers rather than other technologies. Which is NOT a reason for this focus?

Correct: Educational technology refers primarily to computer equipment.

Question 4 Computer applications were first used in schools in the:

Correct: 1970s.

Question 5 Which programming language came into widespread use in the 1980s as a tool for implementing non-traditional instructional approaches?

Correct: LOGO

Question 6 Who is sometimes called the "grandfather of CAI" for his pioneering work at Stanford?

Correct: Patrick Suppes.

Question 7 Who is said to have coined the term "computer literacy"?

Correct: Arthur Luehrmann.

Question 8 Why did interest in mainframe-based Computer Assisted Instruction decline during the 1970's?

Correct: Teachers lacked control over CAI curriculum.

Question 9 What have we learned from the past history of educational technology?

Correct: Teachers will remain an integral part of education.

Question 10 What was a major turning point in the modern history of educational technology?

Correct: Introduction of microcomputer systems.

Question 11 What is one rationale that can help justify the high costs of keeping up with technology?

Correct: Computer applications can often help students visualize problem solutions.

Question 12 Which is NOT a current condition that stresses the importance of agreement on the benefits of technology in education?

Correct: Technology costs are decreasing.

Question 13 Which is a societal issue that shapes the use of educational technology in schools?

Correct: The support of the No Child Left behind Act of 2001 for technology.

Question 14 Which is an equity issue related to technology uses in instruction?

Correct: Disadvantaged students lack access to higher-level computer uses.

true-false:

Question 1 In 1994 the World Wide Web transformed educational technology.

Correct: True

Question 2 National Educational Technology Standards have been developed for students, teachers, and administrators.

Correct: True

Question 3 Researchers identified a strong impact of learning to program in Logo on mathematics skills.

Correct: False

Question 4 Current, capable technology resources offer quick, easy, and universal educational solutions.

Correct: False

Question 5 Teachers should become producers of their own software and technology-based teaching materials.

Correct: False

Question 6 Teachers will always be more important than technology.

Correct: True

Question 7 Studies show technology can develop higher order thinking and problem-solving skills.

Correct: True

Question 8 Educators say that technology can help students learn Information Age skills including information literacy.

Correct: True

Question 9 The digital divide occurs when firewalls protect computers from viruses.

Correct: False

Question 10 An electronic portfolio is a collection of websites that students use to learn about a curriculum topic.

Correct: False

short answer:

Question 1 Name two advances or developments that have occurred in technology since the 1970s that you feel have had significant effects on education, and explain why these technological changes had such effects.

There have been many advances and developments in technology since the 1970s that have made a significant impact on education. The invention of the computer desk top and lab top are becoming even more advance in today's world. The other technology advancement would be the cell phone. Both the computer and the cell phone have made communication in today's world only a click or phone call away from someone who maybe millions of miles away. The computer has helped in communication, it has helped keep files of billions of documents, and it sometimes maybe the brain that operates some machinery. The cell phone is becoming more advance with its capability to text message, check your email, and some may even be useful as navigation tools. All of these advances have made life that much more faster and in some people's eyes easier. For me I only know a little bit about what the computer and cell phone can do but there are people out there that work on these technolgical advancements every day of their lives.

Answers may include microcomputers, increased portability of computers, the World Wide Web, or networking. These advances have all made computers and information more widely available.

Question 2 Discuss one emerging trend in technology and the effect it could have on classrooms and schools.

I would say that the biggest emerging trend in technology that has already begun effecting classrooms goes back to the cell phone. Parents are finding that they can leave their kids out with their friends longer and they don't have to worry where they are located because they are just a phone call away. Kids are using cell phones to make friends and keep in touch more and more through text messaging. Text messaging is very distracting and students are able to use their cell phones secretively during class. They may sneek a joke or a question about what is for lunch. The big thing is the more advance the phone the more access the students are able to find ways that they can cheat on tests. They may text a friend or look up the answer on the internet through their cell phone.

Answers may include radio frequency identification, wireless connectivity, merging of technologies, portable devices, high-speed communication, virtual reality, or artificial intelligence. These technologies make learning environments more flexible and adaptable, provide learning options through distance education, and support learners with disabilities.

Question 3 Explain reasons for developing an electronic portfolio.

An electronic portfolio is an easy way to keep yourself organized and its less time consuming to a regular portfolio. An electronic portfolio doesn't care how much paper you waste and its much faster copying and pasting documents. I think that an electronic portfolio are more creative because you can use different colors, designs, and attach movies. A regular portfolio is restricted to lots and lots of paper and time pasting all of these different features. An electronic portfolio is easy save and transport from one computer to another technological device where as a regular portfolio you have to carry a large binder around where ever you go and it takes up a lot of space.

Documentation of skills and learning for self and others, demonstration of accomplishment.

autobiography

My name is Megan but I prefer to be called Megz. I am an elementary education major with a minor in special education. I am a field hockey player at Lock Haven University. I ran track last spring which was my sophomore year. This year I am a junior and I am getting more and more anxious to become a senior and be on my own. I want to travel out of the state and explore before I settle into a school where I plan to teach and live my life. My future aspirations are to be a second or third grade teacher in a nice school district. I hope to have a nice big house with a loving, hardworking husband and a black lab. I might become a coach or become involved with some sports team that is available at the school. In my free time I love to run each and every day, I enjoy scrapbooking, and reading. I am a workaholic...as a college student every chance I get when I'm not playing hockey, going to school, or anyone one of the three clubs I'm involved with I like to work. I am a waitress at a Texas Roadhouse in Harrisburg and at my hometown in Liverpool I work at a nursing home as a housekeeping aide, dietary aide, and activities aide. :-)

I have had a lot of new interesting experiences with technology. In high school I was introduced to computers and power point programs. It wasn’t until I was in college did I really begin to step into the technology realm and find out all kinds of neat things. I have a lab top at home that I use very often. I check email, I chat with friends over instant messaging, and my new best friend is the internet. I am able to check for directions if I am planning on going on a trip somewhere. I am able to keep in close contact with my one friend that moved to Atlanta, Georgia. The best part of the internet is I can go shopping all the time and I don’t have to spend any gas. I have been using the computer and all of its components more frequently. I have been able to get a lot of interaction with kids in the schools at college and I like to teach using powerpoints. It seems to grab the student’s attention a lot more.

I didn’t know coming into this class what EDTF200 was going to be all about. Now that I have a syllabus in front of me and have had a couple classes I now know what to expect. I have already created this blog thing which is a lot more advance to me then what I’ve done in a while. I’m excited to make a web page I think that it will be neat and something that I will be able to learn and take away that knowledge and make it more constructive in my classroom. I feel that the world is becoming more dependent on technology and it’s hard for all the new advances to keep up to date. I am finding that even as a college student I’m finding things that are very helpful and useful as a student. Hopefully this class will teach me a lot of new things to feel more comfortable with the technology of today’s world.